SQL Server must enforce access restrictions associated with changes to the configuration of the database(s).

Overview

Finding ID	Version	Rule ID	IA Controls	Severity
V-79111	SQL6-D0-003100	SV-93817r1_rule		Medium

Description
Failure to provide logical access restrictions associated with changes to configuration may have significant effects on the overall security of the system. When dealing with access restrictions pertaining to change control, it should be noted that any changes to the hardware, software, and/or firmware components of the information system can potentially have significant effects on the overall security of the system. Accordingly, only qualified and authorized individuals should be allowed to obtain access to system components for the purposes of initiating changes, including upgrades and modifications.

Description

Failure to provide logical access restrictions associated with changes to configuration may have significant effects on the overall security of the system. When dealing with access restrictions pertaining to change control, it should be noted that any changes to the hardware, software, and/or firmware components of the information system can potentially have significant effects on the overall security of the system. Accordingly, only qualified and authorized individuals should be allowed to obtain access to system components for the purposes of initiating changes, including upgrades and modifications.

STIG	Date
MS SQL Server 2016 Database Security Technical Implementation Guide	2018-09-18

Details

Check Text ( C-78703r1_chk )
Obtain a list of users who have privileged role memberships in the database. Execute the following query to obtain a list of users and roles and their respective role memberships. SELECT p.name AS Principal, p.type_desc AS Type, r.name AS Role FROM sys.database_principals p INNER JOIN sys.database_role_members rm ON p.principal_id = rm.member_principal_id INNER JOIN sys.database_principals r ON rm.role_principal_id = r.principal_id WHERE r.name = 'db_owner' UNION ALL SELECT l.name AS Principal, l.type_desc AS Type, 'dbo' AS Role FROM sys.databases d INNER JOIN sys.server_principals l ON d.owner_sid = l.sid WHERE d.name = DB_NAME() Review the server documentation to verify the users and roles returned are authorized. If any users and/or roles are not documented and authorized, this is a finding.

Check Text ( C-78703r1_chk )

Obtain a list of users who have privileged role memberships in the database.

Execute the following query to obtain a list of users and roles and their respective role memberships.

SELECT p.name AS Principal,
p.type_desc AS Type,
r.name AS Role
FROM sys.database_principals p
INNER JOIN sys.database_role_members rm ON p.principal_id = rm.member_principal_id
INNER JOIN sys.database_principals r ON rm.role_principal_id = r.principal_id
WHERE r.name = 'db_owner'
UNION ALL
SELECT l.name AS Principal,
l.type_desc AS Type,
'dbo' AS Role
FROM sys.databases d
INNER JOIN sys.server_principals l ON d.owner_sid = l.sid
WHERE d.name = DB_NAME()

Review the server documentation to verify the users and roles returned are authorized.

If any users and/or roles are not documented and authorized, this is a finding.

Fix Text (F-85863r1_fix)
Remove unauthorized users from roles: ALTER ROLE DROP MEMBER user; https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189775.aspx Set the owner of the database to an authorized login: ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON database::DatabaseName TO login; https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms187359.aspx